Examiner Zinna Northington Davis
Grant ratio: 83.4% (98th percentile in Art Unit 1625 among examiners with at least 20 applications). Average office actions per grant: 1.15. Most common rejection type: §102.
Appears inactive
Last office action in data: February 2025
Examiner record
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| Group | Examiners | Average grant ratio | Average office actions / grant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Art Unit | 30 | 55.7% | 1.54 |
| Group | 252 | 46.0% | 1.76 |
| Tech Center | 1,373 | 38.0% | 2.02 |
| USPTO | 16,475 | 52.7% | 1.98 |
Office actions per application
| Office actions | Applications | Share of applications |
|---|---|---|
| No OA observed | 0 | 0.0% |
| 1 OA | 912 | 87.2% |
| 2 OAs | 112 | 10.7% |
| 3 OAs | 18 | 1.7% |
| 4 OAs | 2 | 0.2% |
| 5+ OAs | 2 | 0.2% |
Each application is counted once. “5+” includes all higher counts.
Grant history
Recent ratios may be lower while applications remain pending.
Yearly counts
| Year | Applications | Grants | Grant rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 87 | 65 | 74.7% |
| 2009 | 96 | 75 | 78.1% |
| 2010 | 77 | 63 | 81.8% |
| 2011 | 78 | 61 | 78.2% |
| 2012 | 86 | 69 | 80.2% |
| 2013 | 66 | 54 | 81.8% |
| 2014 | 62 | 51 | 82.3% |
| 2015 | 63 | 59 | 93.7% |
| 2016 | 51 | 48 | 94.1% |
| 2017 | 78 | 69 | 88.5% |
| 2018 | 68 | 61 | 89.7% |
| 2019 | 64 | 58 | 90.6% |
| 2020 | 63 | 56 | 88.9% |
| 2021 | 34 | 29 | 85.3% |
| 2022 | 38 | 30 | 78.9% |
| 2023 | 16 | 12 | 75.0% |
| 2024 | 11 | 9 | 81.8% |
| 2025 | 4 | 0 | 0.0% |
Rejections by office-action stage
| Office-action stage | Actions observed | §101 | §102 | §103 | §112 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action 1 | 1,046 | 1.8% | 36.4% | 15.5% | 12.4% |
| Action 2 | 134 | 2.2% | 36.6% | 10.4% | 14.2% |
| Action 3 | 22 | 0.0% | 50.0% | 9.1% | 13.6% |
| Action 4 | 4 | 0.0% | 75.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Action 5 | 2 | 0.0% | 50.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Section 101 rejections
Last 3 years: 2023-08-28–2026-08-28. All years includes every dated office action in the data.
By year
9.3%
2.6%
3.2%
2.3%
1.0%
1.4%
2014: Alice
0.0%
1.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2019: PEG
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
2024: AI examples
5.3%
2025: August memo
0.0%
Each bar is the percentage of office actions with a §101 rejection.
PTAB appeals
No PTAB decisions could be matched to this examiner.
Older and transferred applications may not have a reliable examiner match. Data through Aug. 27, 2026.