Examiner Leon Andrews
Grant ratio: 72.2% (47th percentile in Art Unit 2411 among examiners with at least 20 applications). Average office actions per grant: 3.03. Most common rejection type: §103.
Appears inactive
Last office action in data: October 2018
Examiner record
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| Group | Examiners | Average grant ratio | Average office actions / grant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Art Unit | 20 | 63.4% | 2.20 |
| Group | 166 | 51.7% | 1.94 |
| Tech Center | 1,754 | 58.4% | 2.14 |
| USPTO | 16,475 | 52.7% | 1.98 |
Office actions per application
| Office actions | Applications | Share of applications |
|---|---|---|
| No OA observed | 0 | 0.0% |
| 1 OA | 132 | 33.6% |
| 2 OAs | 82 | 20.9% |
| 3 OAs | 56 | 14.2% |
| 4 OAs | 40 | 10.2% |
| 5+ OAs | 83 | 21.1% |
Each application is counted once. “5+” includes all higher counts.
Grant history
Recent ratios may be lower while applications remain pending.
Yearly counts
| Year | Applications | Grants | Grant rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 14 | 8 | 57.1% |
| 2009 | 30 | 10 | 33.3% |
| 2010 | 38 | 23 | 60.5% |
| 2011 | 28 | 15 | 53.6% |
| 2012 | 47 | 33 | 70.2% |
| 2013 | 54 | 39 | 72.2% |
| 2014 | 31 | 27 | 87.1% |
| 2015 | 35 | 30 | 85.7% |
| 2016 | 30 | 28 | 93.3% |
| 2017 | 37 | 34 | 91.9% |
| 2018 | 27 | 21 | 77.8% |
Rejections by office-action stage
| Office-action stage | Actions observed | §101 | §102 | §103 | §112 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action 1 | 393 | 2.0% | 25.4% | 66.2% | 1.5% |
| Action 2 | 261 | 0.8% | 14.6% | 82.0% | 1.5% |
| Action 3 | 179 | 0.6% | 7.8% | 91.6% | 0.0% |
| Action 4 | 123 | 0.0% | 4.1% | 95.9% | 0.0% |
| Action 5 | 83 | 0.0% | 2.4% | 96.4% | 1.2% |
| Action 6 | 55 | 0.0% | 1.8% | 96.4% | 1.8% |
| Action 7 | 39 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 97.4% | 2.6% |
| Action 8 | 31 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| Action 9 | 19 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | 0.0% |
| Action 10 | 13 | 0.0% | 15.4% | 84.6% | 0.0% |
Section 101 rejections
Last 3 years: 2023-08-28–2026-08-28. All years includes every dated office action in the data.
By year
0.0%
0.0%
1.4%
0.6%
1.9%
0.0%
2014: Alice
0.0%
2.4%
2.5%
1.2%
0.0%
Each bar is the percentage of office actions with a §101 rejection.
PTAB appeals
No PTAB decisions could be matched to this examiner.
Older and transferred applications may not have a reliable examiner match. Data through Aug. 27, 2026.