Examiner Robert Ma
Grant ratio: 60.9% (43rd percentile in Art Unit 2461 among examiners with at least 20 applications). Average office actions per grant: 2.53.
Appears inactive
Last office action in data: October 2025
Examiner record
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| Group | Examiners | Average grant ratio | Average office actions / grant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Art Unit | 24 | 61.7% | 2.26 |
| Group | 225 | 60.1% | 2.07 |
| Tech Center | 1,754 | 58.4% | 2.14 |
| USPTO | 16,475 | 52.7% | 1.98 |
Office actions per application
| Office actions | Applications | Share of applications |
|---|---|---|
| No OA observed | 0 | 0.0% |
| 1 OA | 46 | 31.9% |
| 2 OAs | 46 | 31.9% |
| 3 OAs | 12 | 8.3% |
| 4 OAs | 21 | 14.6% |
| 5+ OAs | 19 | 13.2% |
Each application is counted once. “5+” includes all higher counts.
Grant history
Recent ratios may be lower while applications remain pending.
Yearly counts
| Year | Applications | Grants | Grant rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 14 | 13 | 92.9% |
| 2022 | 16 | 11 | 68.8% |
| 2023 | 31 | 21 | 67.7% |
| 2024 | 32 | 25 | 78.1% |
| 2025 | 40 | 11 | 27.5% |
Rejections by office-action stage
| Office-action stage | Actions observed | §101 | §102 | §103 | §112 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Action 1 | 144 | 6.9% | 16.0% | 6.3% | 19.4% |
| Action 2 | 98 | 0.0% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 5.1% |
| Action 3 | 52 | 0.0% | 7.7% | 15.4% | 3.8% |
| Action 4 | 40 | 0.0% | 2.5% | 15.0% | 15.0% |
| Action 5 | 19 | 5.3% | 0.0% | 21.1% | 10.5% |
| Action 6 | 7 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 14.3% | 14.3% |
| Action 7 | 3 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Action 8 | 2 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Action 9 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Section 101 rejections
Last 3 years: 2023-08-28–2026-08-28. All years includes every dated office action in the data.
By year
0.0%
9.1%
0.0%
1.2%
2024: AI examples
5.6%
2025: August memo
0.0%
Each bar is the percentage of office actions with a §101 rejection.
PTAB appeals
No PTAB decisions could be matched to this examiner.
Older and transferred applications may not have a reliable examiner match. Data through Aug. 27, 2026.